goat polyclonal anti pd 1 Search Results


goat anti human pd 1  (R&D Systems)
92
R&D Systems goat anti human pd 1
Goat Anti Human Pd 1, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 92/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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hrp-conjugated goat anti-mouse igg (h+l) pd-1  (ABclonal Biotechnology)
90
ABclonal Biotechnology hrp-conjugated goat anti-mouse igg (h+l) pd-1
Hrp Conjugated Goat Anti Mouse Igg (H+L) Pd 1, supplied by ABclonal Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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goat polyclonal anti pd 1  (R&D Systems)
97
R&D Systems goat polyclonal anti pd 1
Goat Polyclonal Anti Pd 1, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 97/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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pd 1 cell signaling technology 86163 1 200 goat anti rabbit igg h l  (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)
96
Cell Signaling Technology Inc pd 1 cell signaling technology 86163 1 200 goat anti rabbit igg h l
Pd 1 Cell Signaling Technology 86163 1 200 Goat Anti Rabbit Igg H L, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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goat anti pd 1  (R&D Systems)
94
R&D Systems goat anti pd 1
a , Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of C4b, Serpina3n, B2m and STAT1 in CC1 + oligodendrocytes in the white matter of 3- and 24-month-old mice (C4b + CC1 + , 3-month, n = 3, 24-month, n = 5, * P = 0.0357; Serpina3n + CC1 + , 3-month, n = 6, 24-month, n = 4, ** P = 0.0095; B2m + CC1 + , 3-month, n = 4, 24-month, n = 4, * P = 0.0286; STAT1 + CC1 + , 3-month, n = 5, 24-month, n = 5, ** P = 0.0079; data are mean ± s.e.m.; P values are from a two-tailed Mann–Whitney U -test). Scale bar, 20 µm; for B2m, 10 µm. b , Immunofluorescence showing CD3 + CD8 + T cells (indicated by arrowheads). Scale bar, 20 μm. Quantification of CD3 + T cells and CD8 + T cells in the gray (GM) and white (WM) matter of 3- and 24-month-old mice ( n = 4 mice per group, 3-month WM versus 24-month WM, CD3 + , *** P = 0.0003, CD8 + , *** P = 0.0005; 24-month GM versus 24-month WM, CD3 + , ** P = 0.0050, CD8 + , ** P = 0.0032; data are mean ± s.e.m.; P values represent a two-sided Student’s t -test). c , Immunofluorescence of CD8 + T cells and STAT1 + CC1 + oligodendrocytes in proximity in the white matter of 24-month-old mice. Scale bars, 20 μm. Bar plots show quantification of STAT1 + and STAT1 − CC1 + proximity to CD8 + T cells and vice versa (3 sections per mouse were selected; a total of 134 CD8 + T cells and 272 STAT1 + CC1 + oligodendrocytes from 4 mice were analyzed). d , Quantification of the percentage of STAT1 + CC1 + oligodendrocytes found in proximity to random cells compared with CD8 + T cells ( n = 4 mice per group, ** P = 0.0052; data are mean ± s.e.m; P value represents a two-sided paried Student’s t -test). e , Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, B2m + and STAT1 + CC1 + oligodendrocytes in the white matter of mice <t>treated</t> <t>with</t> <t>anti-PD-1</t> and CTLA-4 (ICB) and isotype control antibodies (CTR) for 6 weeks starting at an age of 18 months (CD8 + , n = 4, ** P = 0.0011; CD4 + , n = 3; STAT1 + CC1 + , n = 4, * P = 0.0244; B2m + CC1 + , n = 4, * P = 0.0286; data are mean ± s.e.m.; P values represent a two-sided Student’s t -test (CD8 + , STAT1 + CC1 + ) or two-tailed Mann–Whitney U -test (CD4 + , B2m + CC1 + )). Scale bar, 20 µm. NS, not significant.
Goat Anti Pd 1, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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high affinity human pd 1 mofc protein  (Jackson Immuno)
96
Jackson Immuno high affinity human pd 1 mofc protein
a , Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of C4b, Serpina3n, B2m and STAT1 in CC1 + oligodendrocytes in the white matter of 3- and 24-month-old mice (C4b + CC1 + , 3-month, n = 3, 24-month, n = 5, * P = 0.0357; Serpina3n + CC1 + , 3-month, n = 6, 24-month, n = 4, ** P = 0.0095; B2m + CC1 + , 3-month, n = 4, 24-month, n = 4, * P = 0.0286; STAT1 + CC1 + , 3-month, n = 5, 24-month, n = 5, ** P = 0.0079; data are mean ± s.e.m.; P values are from a two-tailed Mann–Whitney U -test). Scale bar, 20 µm; for B2m, 10 µm. b , Immunofluorescence showing CD3 + CD8 + T cells (indicated by arrowheads). Scale bar, 20 μm. Quantification of CD3 + T cells and CD8 + T cells in the gray (GM) and white (WM) matter of 3- and 24-month-old mice ( n = 4 mice per group, 3-month WM versus 24-month WM, CD3 + , *** P = 0.0003, CD8 + , *** P = 0.0005; 24-month GM versus 24-month WM, CD3 + , ** P = 0.0050, CD8 + , ** P = 0.0032; data are mean ± s.e.m.; P values represent a two-sided Student’s t -test). c , Immunofluorescence of CD8 + T cells and STAT1 + CC1 + oligodendrocytes in proximity in the white matter of 24-month-old mice. Scale bars, 20 μm. Bar plots show quantification of STAT1 + and STAT1 − CC1 + proximity to CD8 + T cells and vice versa (3 sections per mouse were selected; a total of 134 CD8 + T cells and 272 STAT1 + CC1 + oligodendrocytes from 4 mice were analyzed). d , Quantification of the percentage of STAT1 + CC1 + oligodendrocytes found in proximity to random cells compared with CD8 + T cells ( n = 4 mice per group, ** P = 0.0052; data are mean ± s.e.m; P value represents a two-sided paried Student’s t -test). e , Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, B2m + and STAT1 + CC1 + oligodendrocytes in the white matter of mice <t>treated</t> <t>with</t> <t>anti-PD-1</t> and CTLA-4 (ICB) and isotype control antibodies (CTR) for 6 weeks starting at an age of 18 months (CD8 + , n = 4, ** P = 0.0011; CD4 + , n = 3; STAT1 + CC1 + , n = 4, * P = 0.0244; B2m + CC1 + , n = 4, * P = 0.0286; data are mean ± s.e.m.; P values represent a two-sided Student’s t -test (CD8 + , STAT1 + CC1 + ) or two-tailed Mann–Whitney U -test (CD4 + , B2m + CC1 + )). Scale bar, 20 µm. NS, not significant.
High Affinity Human Pd 1 Mofc Protein, supplied by Jackson Immuno, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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pd-1-af488 (goat polyclonal  (R&D Systems Hematology)
90
R&D Systems Hematology pd-1-af488 (goat polyclonal
a , Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of C4b, Serpina3n, B2m and STAT1 in CC1 + oligodendrocytes in the white matter of 3- and 24-month-old mice (C4b + CC1 + , 3-month, n = 3, 24-month, n = 5, * P = 0.0357; Serpina3n + CC1 + , 3-month, n = 6, 24-month, n = 4, ** P = 0.0095; B2m + CC1 + , 3-month, n = 4, 24-month, n = 4, * P = 0.0286; STAT1 + CC1 + , 3-month, n = 5, 24-month, n = 5, ** P = 0.0079; data are mean ± s.e.m.; P values are from a two-tailed Mann–Whitney U -test). Scale bar, 20 µm; for B2m, 10 µm. b , Immunofluorescence showing CD3 + CD8 + T cells (indicated by arrowheads). Scale bar, 20 μm. Quantification of CD3 + T cells and CD8 + T cells in the gray (GM) and white (WM) matter of 3- and 24-month-old mice ( n = 4 mice per group, 3-month WM versus 24-month WM, CD3 + , *** P = 0.0003, CD8 + , *** P = 0.0005; 24-month GM versus 24-month WM, CD3 + , ** P = 0.0050, CD8 + , ** P = 0.0032; data are mean ± s.e.m.; P values represent a two-sided Student’s t -test). c , Immunofluorescence of CD8 + T cells and STAT1 + CC1 + oligodendrocytes in proximity in the white matter of 24-month-old mice. Scale bars, 20 μm. Bar plots show quantification of STAT1 + and STAT1 − CC1 + proximity to CD8 + T cells and vice versa (3 sections per mouse were selected; a total of 134 CD8 + T cells and 272 STAT1 + CC1 + oligodendrocytes from 4 mice were analyzed). d , Quantification of the percentage of STAT1 + CC1 + oligodendrocytes found in proximity to random cells compared with CD8 + T cells ( n = 4 mice per group, ** P = 0.0052; data are mean ± s.e.m; P value represents a two-sided paried Student’s t -test). e , Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, B2m + and STAT1 + CC1 + oligodendrocytes in the white matter of mice <t>treated</t> <t>with</t> <t>anti-PD-1</t> and CTLA-4 (ICB) and isotype control antibodies (CTR) for 6 weeks starting at an age of 18 months (CD8 + , n = 4, ** P = 0.0011; CD4 + , n = 3; STAT1 + CC1 + , n = 4, * P = 0.0244; B2m + CC1 + , n = 4, * P = 0.0286; data are mean ± s.e.m.; P values represent a two-sided Student’s t -test (CD8 + , STAT1 + CC1 + ) or two-tailed Mann–Whitney U -test (CD4 + , B2m + CC1 + )). Scale bar, 20 µm. NS, not significant.
Pd 1 Af488 (Goat Polyclonal, supplied by R&D Systems Hematology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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goat anti human pd 1 antibody  (R&D Systems)
90
R&D Systems goat anti human pd 1 antibody
a , Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of C4b, Serpina3n, B2m and STAT1 in CC1 + oligodendrocytes in the white matter of 3- and 24-month-old mice (C4b + CC1 + , 3-month, n = 3, 24-month, n = 5, * P = 0.0357; Serpina3n + CC1 + , 3-month, n = 6, 24-month, n = 4, ** P = 0.0095; B2m + CC1 + , 3-month, n = 4, 24-month, n = 4, * P = 0.0286; STAT1 + CC1 + , 3-month, n = 5, 24-month, n = 5, ** P = 0.0079; data are mean ± s.e.m.; P values are from a two-tailed Mann–Whitney U -test). Scale bar, 20 µm; for B2m, 10 µm. b , Immunofluorescence showing CD3 + CD8 + T cells (indicated by arrowheads). Scale bar, 20 μm. Quantification of CD3 + T cells and CD8 + T cells in the gray (GM) and white (WM) matter of 3- and 24-month-old mice ( n = 4 mice per group, 3-month WM versus 24-month WM, CD3 + , *** P = 0.0003, CD8 + , *** P = 0.0005; 24-month GM versus 24-month WM, CD3 + , ** P = 0.0050, CD8 + , ** P = 0.0032; data are mean ± s.e.m.; P values represent a two-sided Student’s t -test). c , Immunofluorescence of CD8 + T cells and STAT1 + CC1 + oligodendrocytes in proximity in the white matter of 24-month-old mice. Scale bars, 20 μm. Bar plots show quantification of STAT1 + and STAT1 − CC1 + proximity to CD8 + T cells and vice versa (3 sections per mouse were selected; a total of 134 CD8 + T cells and 272 STAT1 + CC1 + oligodendrocytes from 4 mice were analyzed). d , Quantification of the percentage of STAT1 + CC1 + oligodendrocytes found in proximity to random cells compared with CD8 + T cells ( n = 4 mice per group, ** P = 0.0052; data are mean ± s.e.m; P value represents a two-sided paried Student’s t -test). e , Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, B2m + and STAT1 + CC1 + oligodendrocytes in the white matter of mice <t>treated</t> <t>with</t> <t>anti-PD-1</t> and CTLA-4 (ICB) and isotype control antibodies (CTR) for 6 weeks starting at an age of 18 months (CD8 + , n = 4, ** P = 0.0011; CD4 + , n = 3; STAT1 + CC1 + , n = 4, * P = 0.0244; B2m + CC1 + , n = 4, * P = 0.0286; data are mean ± s.e.m.; P values represent a two-sided Student’s t -test (CD8 + , STAT1 + CC1 + ) or two-tailed Mann–Whitney U -test (CD4 + , B2m + CC1 + )). Scale bar, 20 µm. NS, not significant.
Goat Anti Human Pd 1 Antibody, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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anti pd 1 goat polyclonal antibody  (R&D Systems)
94
R&D Systems anti pd 1 goat polyclonal antibody
a , Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of C4b, Serpina3n, B2m and STAT1 in CC1 + oligodendrocytes in the white matter of 3- and 24-month-old mice (C4b + CC1 + , 3-month, n = 3, 24-month, n = 5, * P = 0.0357; Serpina3n + CC1 + , 3-month, n = 6, 24-month, n = 4, ** P = 0.0095; B2m + CC1 + , 3-month, n = 4, 24-month, n = 4, * P = 0.0286; STAT1 + CC1 + , 3-month, n = 5, 24-month, n = 5, ** P = 0.0079; data are mean ± s.e.m.; P values are from a two-tailed Mann–Whitney U -test). Scale bar, 20 µm; for B2m, 10 µm. b , Immunofluorescence showing CD3 + CD8 + T cells (indicated by arrowheads). Scale bar, 20 μm. Quantification of CD3 + T cells and CD8 + T cells in the gray (GM) and white (WM) matter of 3- and 24-month-old mice ( n = 4 mice per group, 3-month WM versus 24-month WM, CD3 + , *** P = 0.0003, CD8 + , *** P = 0.0005; 24-month GM versus 24-month WM, CD3 + , ** P = 0.0050, CD8 + , ** P = 0.0032; data are mean ± s.e.m.; P values represent a two-sided Student’s t -test). c , Immunofluorescence of CD8 + T cells and STAT1 + CC1 + oligodendrocytes in proximity in the white matter of 24-month-old mice. Scale bars, 20 μm. Bar plots show quantification of STAT1 + and STAT1 − CC1 + proximity to CD8 + T cells and vice versa (3 sections per mouse were selected; a total of 134 CD8 + T cells and 272 STAT1 + CC1 + oligodendrocytes from 4 mice were analyzed). d , Quantification of the percentage of STAT1 + CC1 + oligodendrocytes found in proximity to random cells compared with CD8 + T cells ( n = 4 mice per group, ** P = 0.0052; data are mean ± s.e.m; P value represents a two-sided paried Student’s t -test). e , Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, B2m + and STAT1 + CC1 + oligodendrocytes in the white matter of mice <t>treated</t> <t>with</t> <t>anti-PD-1</t> and CTLA-4 (ICB) and isotype control antibodies (CTR) for 6 weeks starting at an age of 18 months (CD8 + , n = 4, ** P = 0.0011; CD4 + , n = 3; STAT1 + CC1 + , n = 4, * P = 0.0244; B2m + CC1 + , n = 4, * P = 0.0286; data are mean ± s.e.m.; P values represent a two-sided Student’s t -test (CD8 + , STAT1 + CC1 + ) or two-tailed Mann–Whitney U -test (CD4 + , B2m + CC1 + )). Scale bar, 20 µm. NS, not significant.
Anti Pd 1 Goat Polyclonal Antibody, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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anti pd 1 ab  (R&D Systems)
94
R&D Systems anti pd 1 ab
Protein levels of exosomes and RFVs <t>of</t> <t>PD-1+</t> or PD-L1+ exosomes in plasma of patients with HNSCC. A. protein concentrations of exosomes (μg/ml plasma) are significantly elevated in patients with active disease (AD) relative to those with no evidence of disease after therapy (NED); B. RFVs for PD-L1+ exosomes is significantly higher in AD patients, patients with positive lymph nodes and patients with the high (III/IV) UICC stage tumors at diagnosis. * p< 0.05; *** p< 0.0008. C. RFVs for PD-1 exosomes in plasma are not statistically different in HNSCC patients stratified by disease activity, lymph node or UICC status. The data presented as box plots are normalized to the frequency of exosomes/1mL of patients’ plasma in this and the subsequent figures.
Anti Pd 1 Ab, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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anti pd 1  (R&D Systems)
99
R&D Systems anti pd 1
Protein levels of exosomes and RFVs <t>of</t> <t>PD-1+</t> or PD-L1+ exosomes in plasma of patients with HNSCC. A. protein concentrations of exosomes (μg/ml plasma) are significantly elevated in patients with active disease (AD) relative to those with no evidence of disease after therapy (NED); B. RFVs for PD-L1+ exosomes is significantly higher in AD patients, patients with positive lymph nodes and patients with the high (III/IV) UICC stage tumors at diagnosis. * p< 0.05; *** p< 0.0008. C. RFVs for PD-1 exosomes in plasma are not statistically different in HNSCC patients stratified by disease activity, lymph node or UICC status. The data presented as box plots are normalized to the frequency of exosomes/1mL of patients’ plasma in this and the subsequent figures.
Anti Pd 1, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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anti pd 1 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-03
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donkey anti goat pd 1  (R&D Systems)
95
R&D Systems donkey anti goat pd 1
Protein levels of exosomes and RFVs <t>of</t> <t>PD-1+</t> or PD-L1+ exosomes in plasma of patients with HNSCC. A. protein concentrations of exosomes (μg/ml plasma) are significantly elevated in patients with active disease (AD) relative to those with no evidence of disease after therapy (NED); B. RFVs for PD-L1+ exosomes is significantly higher in AD patients, patients with positive lymph nodes and patients with the high (III/IV) UICC stage tumors at diagnosis. * p< 0.05; *** p< 0.0008. C. RFVs for PD-1 exosomes in plasma are not statistically different in HNSCC patients stratified by disease activity, lymph node or UICC status. The data presented as box plots are normalized to the frequency of exosomes/1mL of patients’ plasma in this and the subsequent figures.
Donkey Anti Goat Pd 1, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Image Search Results


a , Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of C4b, Serpina3n, B2m and STAT1 in CC1 + oligodendrocytes in the white matter of 3- and 24-month-old mice (C4b + CC1 + , 3-month, n = 3, 24-month, n = 5, * P = 0.0357; Serpina3n + CC1 + , 3-month, n = 6, 24-month, n = 4, ** P = 0.0095; B2m + CC1 + , 3-month, n = 4, 24-month, n = 4, * P = 0.0286; STAT1 + CC1 + , 3-month, n = 5, 24-month, n = 5, ** P = 0.0079; data are mean ± s.e.m.; P values are from a two-tailed Mann–Whitney U -test). Scale bar, 20 µm; for B2m, 10 µm. b , Immunofluorescence showing CD3 + CD8 + T cells (indicated by arrowheads). Scale bar, 20 μm. Quantification of CD3 + T cells and CD8 + T cells in the gray (GM) and white (WM) matter of 3- and 24-month-old mice ( n = 4 mice per group, 3-month WM versus 24-month WM, CD3 + , *** P = 0.0003, CD8 + , *** P = 0.0005; 24-month GM versus 24-month WM, CD3 + , ** P = 0.0050, CD8 + , ** P = 0.0032; data are mean ± s.e.m.; P values represent a two-sided Student’s t -test). c , Immunofluorescence of CD8 + T cells and STAT1 + CC1 + oligodendrocytes in proximity in the white matter of 24-month-old mice. Scale bars, 20 μm. Bar plots show quantification of STAT1 + and STAT1 − CC1 + proximity to CD8 + T cells and vice versa (3 sections per mouse were selected; a total of 134 CD8 + T cells and 272 STAT1 + CC1 + oligodendrocytes from 4 mice were analyzed). d , Quantification of the percentage of STAT1 + CC1 + oligodendrocytes found in proximity to random cells compared with CD8 + T cells ( n = 4 mice per group, ** P = 0.0052; data are mean ± s.e.m; P value represents a two-sided paried Student’s t -test). e , Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, B2m + and STAT1 + CC1 + oligodendrocytes in the white matter of mice treated with anti-PD-1 and CTLA-4 (ICB) and isotype control antibodies (CTR) for 6 weeks starting at an age of 18 months (CD8 + , n = 4, ** P = 0.0011; CD4 + , n = 3; STAT1 + CC1 + , n = 4, * P = 0.0244; B2m + CC1 + , n = 4, * P = 0.0286; data are mean ± s.e.m.; P values represent a two-sided Student’s t -test (CD8 + , STAT1 + CC1 + ) or two-tailed Mann–Whitney U -test (CD4 + , B2m + CC1 + )). Scale bar, 20 µm. NS, not significant.

Journal: Nature Neuroscience

Article Title: CD8 + T cells induce interferon-responsive oligodendrocytes and microglia in white matter aging

doi: 10.1038/s41593-022-01183-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: a , Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of C4b, Serpina3n, B2m and STAT1 in CC1 + oligodendrocytes in the white matter of 3- and 24-month-old mice (C4b + CC1 + , 3-month, n = 3, 24-month, n = 5, * P = 0.0357; Serpina3n + CC1 + , 3-month, n = 6, 24-month, n = 4, ** P = 0.0095; B2m + CC1 + , 3-month, n = 4, 24-month, n = 4, * P = 0.0286; STAT1 + CC1 + , 3-month, n = 5, 24-month, n = 5, ** P = 0.0079; data are mean ± s.e.m.; P values are from a two-tailed Mann–Whitney U -test). Scale bar, 20 µm; for B2m, 10 µm. b , Immunofluorescence showing CD3 + CD8 + T cells (indicated by arrowheads). Scale bar, 20 μm. Quantification of CD3 + T cells and CD8 + T cells in the gray (GM) and white (WM) matter of 3- and 24-month-old mice ( n = 4 mice per group, 3-month WM versus 24-month WM, CD3 + , *** P = 0.0003, CD8 + , *** P = 0.0005; 24-month GM versus 24-month WM, CD3 + , ** P = 0.0050, CD8 + , ** P = 0.0032; data are mean ± s.e.m.; P values represent a two-sided Student’s t -test). c , Immunofluorescence of CD8 + T cells and STAT1 + CC1 + oligodendrocytes in proximity in the white matter of 24-month-old mice. Scale bars, 20 μm. Bar plots show quantification of STAT1 + and STAT1 − CC1 + proximity to CD8 + T cells and vice versa (3 sections per mouse were selected; a total of 134 CD8 + T cells and 272 STAT1 + CC1 + oligodendrocytes from 4 mice were analyzed). d , Quantification of the percentage of STAT1 + CC1 + oligodendrocytes found in proximity to random cells compared with CD8 + T cells ( n = 4 mice per group, ** P = 0.0052; data are mean ± s.e.m; P value represents a two-sided paried Student’s t -test). e , Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, B2m + and STAT1 + CC1 + oligodendrocytes in the white matter of mice treated with anti-PD-1 and CTLA-4 (ICB) and isotype control antibodies (CTR) for 6 weeks starting at an age of 18 months (CD8 + , n = 4, ** P = 0.0011; CD4 + , n = 3; STAT1 + CC1 + , n = 4, * P = 0.0244; B2m + CC1 + , n = 4, * P = 0.0286; data are mean ± s.e.m.; P values represent a two-sided Student’s t -test (CD8 + , STAT1 + CC1 + ) or two-tailed Mann–Whitney U -test (CD4 + , B2m + CC1 + )). Scale bar, 20 µm. NS, not significant.

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used: mouse anti-APC (Millipore, catalog no. OP80-100UG, 1:100), rabbit anti-B2m (abcam, catalog no. ab75853-100ul, 1:100), rabbit anti-STAT1 (Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 14994S, 1:250), rat anti-CD8 (Promega, catalog no. 100702, 1:100), rabbit anti-Iba1 (Wako, catalog no. 234 004, 1:250), goat anti-Serpina3n (Bio-Techne, catalog no. AF4709, 1:100), rat anti-C4b (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. MA1-40047,1:25), rabbit anti-Olig2 (Millipore, catalog no. AB9610, 1:250), mouse anti-Gstp (BD, catalog no. 610719, 1:250), rat anti-Mac2 (BioLegend, catalog no. 125402, 1:250), chicken anti-MBP (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. PA1-10008, 1:1,000), chicken anti-neurofilament heavy polypeptide (abcam, catalog no. ab4680, 1:400), anti-PDGF-Ralpha (R&D Systems, catalog no. 1:100), goat anti-CD69 (R&D Systems,1:100), goat anti-PD-1 (R&D Systems,1:100), rabbit anti-LAG-3 antibody (Abcam, 1:100), AF1062FM green fluorescent myelin stain (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. F34651, 1:400), anti-mouse 555 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. A-21422, 1:500), anti-mouse 647 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. A-21235, 1:500), anti-mouse 488 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. A-21202, 1:500), anti-rabbit 555 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. A-21428, 1:500), anti-rabbit 488 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. A-11008,1:500), anti-rat 555 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. A-21434, 1:5600), anti-goat 555 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. A-32116, 1:500), donkey anti-rat 488 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1:500), donkey anti-goat 555 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1:500) and donkey anti-rabbit 647 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1:500).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining, Two Tailed Test, MANN-WHITNEY

a , Immunofluorescence staining showing the different densities of CD8 + T cells, STAT1 + CC1 + cells, MHC1 + IBA1 + cells and nodules (Galectin-3 + Iba1 + cell clusters) between frontal white matter away from lateral ventricles and medial white matter close to lateral ventricles. Scale bar 20 µm. b , Quantification of CD8 + T cells, STAT1 + CC1 + cells, MHC1 + IBA1 + cells, and nodules (Galectin-3 + IBA1 + cells cluster) density difference between frontal white matter and medial white matter of 24-month old mice (for CD8 + , STAT1 + CC1 + , and nodules, n = 4 mice per group; CD8 + , * P = 0.0438; STAT1 + CC1 + , * P = 0.0148; nodules, ** P = 0.0088; for MHC1 + IBA1 + , n = 3 mice per group; * P = 0.0479; data are means±s.e.m. P values represent a two-sided paried Student’s t-test). c , T cells proportion per (n = 14 independent experiments) in the Tabula Muris Senis dataset. The central line denotes the median, boxes represent the interquartile range (IQR), and whiskers show the distribution except for outliers. Outliers are all points outside 1.5 times of the IQR. d , Representative confocal images of aged white matter stained for CD3 (red) and CD8 (green). The experiment was repeated three times independently with similar results. Scale bar, 20 µm. e , Immunofluorescence image showing CD8 + T cells (white) and Serpina3n + (red) in CC1 + oligodendrocytes (green) in the white matter of 24-month old mice. Scale bars, 20 μm. Quantification of the percentage of Serpina3n + CC1 + oligodendrocytes found around random cells (<20 µm) compared to the percentage of Serpina3n + CC1 + oligodendrocytes found around CD8 + T cells (n = 3 mice per group; data are means±s.e.m.; P value represents a two-sided paried Student’s t-test). f , Immunofluorescence showing expression of Serpina3n (green) in CC1 + oligodendrocytes (red) in the white matter of mice treated with antibodies anti PD-1 and CTLA-4 and isotype control for 6 weeks starting at an age of 18 months. Scale bar 20 µm. Quantification of CC1 + oligodendrocytes expressing Serpina3n in the white matter of mice treated with antibodies anti PD-1 and CTLA-4 and isotype control antibodies (n = 4 mice per group; data are means±s.e.m).

Journal: Nature Neuroscience

Article Title: CD8 + T cells induce interferon-responsive oligodendrocytes and microglia in white matter aging

doi: 10.1038/s41593-022-01183-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: a , Immunofluorescence staining showing the different densities of CD8 + T cells, STAT1 + CC1 + cells, MHC1 + IBA1 + cells and nodules (Galectin-3 + Iba1 + cell clusters) between frontal white matter away from lateral ventricles and medial white matter close to lateral ventricles. Scale bar 20 µm. b , Quantification of CD8 + T cells, STAT1 + CC1 + cells, MHC1 + IBA1 + cells, and nodules (Galectin-3 + IBA1 + cells cluster) density difference between frontal white matter and medial white matter of 24-month old mice (for CD8 + , STAT1 + CC1 + , and nodules, n = 4 mice per group; CD8 + , * P = 0.0438; STAT1 + CC1 + , * P = 0.0148; nodules, ** P = 0.0088; for MHC1 + IBA1 + , n = 3 mice per group; * P = 0.0479; data are means±s.e.m. P values represent a two-sided paried Student’s t-test). c , T cells proportion per (n = 14 independent experiments) in the Tabula Muris Senis dataset. The central line denotes the median, boxes represent the interquartile range (IQR), and whiskers show the distribution except for outliers. Outliers are all points outside 1.5 times of the IQR. d , Representative confocal images of aged white matter stained for CD3 (red) and CD8 (green). The experiment was repeated three times independently with similar results. Scale bar, 20 µm. e , Immunofluorescence image showing CD8 + T cells (white) and Serpina3n + (red) in CC1 + oligodendrocytes (green) in the white matter of 24-month old mice. Scale bars, 20 μm. Quantification of the percentage of Serpina3n + CC1 + oligodendrocytes found around random cells (<20 µm) compared to the percentage of Serpina3n + CC1 + oligodendrocytes found around CD8 + T cells (n = 3 mice per group; data are means±s.e.m.; P value represents a two-sided paried Student’s t-test). f , Immunofluorescence showing expression of Serpina3n (green) in CC1 + oligodendrocytes (red) in the white matter of mice treated with antibodies anti PD-1 and CTLA-4 and isotype control for 6 weeks starting at an age of 18 months. Scale bar 20 µm. Quantification of CC1 + oligodendrocytes expressing Serpina3n in the white matter of mice treated with antibodies anti PD-1 and CTLA-4 and isotype control antibodies (n = 4 mice per group; data are means±s.e.m).

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used: mouse anti-APC (Millipore, catalog no. OP80-100UG, 1:100), rabbit anti-B2m (abcam, catalog no. ab75853-100ul, 1:100), rabbit anti-STAT1 (Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 14994S, 1:250), rat anti-CD8 (Promega, catalog no. 100702, 1:100), rabbit anti-Iba1 (Wako, catalog no. 234 004, 1:250), goat anti-Serpina3n (Bio-Techne, catalog no. AF4709, 1:100), rat anti-C4b (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. MA1-40047,1:25), rabbit anti-Olig2 (Millipore, catalog no. AB9610, 1:250), mouse anti-Gstp (BD, catalog no. 610719, 1:250), rat anti-Mac2 (BioLegend, catalog no. 125402, 1:250), chicken anti-MBP (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. PA1-10008, 1:1,000), chicken anti-neurofilament heavy polypeptide (abcam, catalog no. ab4680, 1:400), anti-PDGF-Ralpha (R&D Systems, catalog no. 1:100), goat anti-CD69 (R&D Systems,1:100), goat anti-PD-1 (R&D Systems,1:100), rabbit anti-LAG-3 antibody (Abcam, 1:100), AF1062FM green fluorescent myelin stain (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. F34651, 1:400), anti-mouse 555 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. A-21422, 1:500), anti-mouse 647 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. A-21235, 1:500), anti-mouse 488 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. A-21202, 1:500), anti-rabbit 555 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. A-21428, 1:500), anti-rabbit 488 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. A-11008,1:500), anti-rat 555 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. A-21434, 1:5600), anti-goat 555 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. A-32116, 1:500), donkey anti-rat 488 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1:500), donkey anti-goat 555 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1:500) and donkey anti-rabbit 647 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1:500).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining, Expressing

a , Representative confocal images of aged white matter stained for CD8 (green) with CD69 (red). Scale bar, 20 µm. Quantification of the percentage of CD8 + and CD69 + T cells in the aged white matter (three sections per mouse; 256 CD8 + T cells were analyzed from 4 mice; data are means±s.e.m). b , Representative confocal images of aged white matter stained for CD8 (green) with PD-1 (white). Scale bar, 20 µm. Quantification of the percentage of CD8 + and PD-1 + cells in the aged white matter (three sections per mouse; 237 CD8 + T cells were analyzed from 4 mice; data are means±s.e.m). c , Representative confocal images of aged white matter stained for CD8 (green) with LAG3 (red). Scale bar, 20 µm. Quantification of the percentage of CD8 + and LAG3 + cells in the aged white matter (three sections per mouse; 237 CD8 + T cells were analyzed from 4 mice; data are means±s.e.m).

Journal: Nature Neuroscience

Article Title: CD8 + T cells induce interferon-responsive oligodendrocytes and microglia in white matter aging

doi: 10.1038/s41593-022-01183-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: a , Representative confocal images of aged white matter stained for CD8 (green) with CD69 (red). Scale bar, 20 µm. Quantification of the percentage of CD8 + and CD69 + T cells in the aged white matter (three sections per mouse; 256 CD8 + T cells were analyzed from 4 mice; data are means±s.e.m). b , Representative confocal images of aged white matter stained for CD8 (green) with PD-1 (white). Scale bar, 20 µm. Quantification of the percentage of CD8 + and PD-1 + cells in the aged white matter (three sections per mouse; 237 CD8 + T cells were analyzed from 4 mice; data are means±s.e.m). c , Representative confocal images of aged white matter stained for CD8 (green) with LAG3 (red). Scale bar, 20 µm. Quantification of the percentage of CD8 + and LAG3 + cells in the aged white matter (three sections per mouse; 237 CD8 + T cells were analyzed from 4 mice; data are means±s.e.m).

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used: mouse anti-APC (Millipore, catalog no. OP80-100UG, 1:100), rabbit anti-B2m (abcam, catalog no. ab75853-100ul, 1:100), rabbit anti-STAT1 (Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 14994S, 1:250), rat anti-CD8 (Promega, catalog no. 100702, 1:100), rabbit anti-Iba1 (Wako, catalog no. 234 004, 1:250), goat anti-Serpina3n (Bio-Techne, catalog no. AF4709, 1:100), rat anti-C4b (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. MA1-40047,1:25), rabbit anti-Olig2 (Millipore, catalog no. AB9610, 1:250), mouse anti-Gstp (BD, catalog no. 610719, 1:250), rat anti-Mac2 (BioLegend, catalog no. 125402, 1:250), chicken anti-MBP (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. PA1-10008, 1:1,000), chicken anti-neurofilament heavy polypeptide (abcam, catalog no. ab4680, 1:400), anti-PDGF-Ralpha (R&D Systems, catalog no. 1:100), goat anti-CD69 (R&D Systems,1:100), goat anti-PD-1 (R&D Systems,1:100), rabbit anti-LAG-3 antibody (Abcam, 1:100), AF1062FM green fluorescent myelin stain (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. F34651, 1:400), anti-mouse 555 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. A-21422, 1:500), anti-mouse 647 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. A-21235, 1:500), anti-mouse 488 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. A-21202, 1:500), anti-rabbit 555 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. A-21428, 1:500), anti-rabbit 488 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. A-11008,1:500), anti-rat 555 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. A-21434, 1:5600), anti-goat 555 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. A-32116, 1:500), donkey anti-rat 488 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1:500), donkey anti-goat 555 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1:500) and donkey anti-rabbit 647 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1:500).

Techniques: Staining

a , Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of CD8 + T cells (green) and STAT1 + IBA1 + microglia proximity in the white matter of 24-month-old mice. Scale bars, 20 μm. Bar plots show quantification of STAT1 + and STAT1 − IBA1 + in proximity to CD8 + T cells and vice versa (3 sections per mouse were selected, and a total of 117 CD8 + T cells and 203 STAT1 + IBA1 + microglia from 4 mice were analyzed). b , Quantification of the percentage of STAT1 + IBA1 + microglia found in proximity to random cells compared with CD8 + T cells ( n = 4 mice per group, ** P = 0.0052; data are mean ± s.e.m.; P value represents a two-sided paired Student’s t -test). c , Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of STAT1 + IBA1 + microglia in the white matter of mice treated with anti-PD-1 and CTLA-4 (ICB) and isotype control antibodies (CTR) for 6 weeks starting at the age of 18 months ( n = 3 mice per group, * P = 0.0125; data are mean ± s.e.m.; P value represents a two-sided Student’s t -test). Scale bar, 20 µm. d , Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of STAT1 + IBA1 + microglia in the white matter of 24-month-old wild-type and 24-month-old CD8 − / − mice ( n = 4 mice per group, * P = 0.0223; data are mean ± s.e.m.; P value represents a two-sided Student’s t -test).

Journal: Nature Neuroscience

Article Title: CD8 + T cells induce interferon-responsive oligodendrocytes and microglia in white matter aging

doi: 10.1038/s41593-022-01183-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: a , Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of CD8 + T cells (green) and STAT1 + IBA1 + microglia proximity in the white matter of 24-month-old mice. Scale bars, 20 μm. Bar plots show quantification of STAT1 + and STAT1 − IBA1 + in proximity to CD8 + T cells and vice versa (3 sections per mouse were selected, and a total of 117 CD8 + T cells and 203 STAT1 + IBA1 + microglia from 4 mice were analyzed). b , Quantification of the percentage of STAT1 + IBA1 + microglia found in proximity to random cells compared with CD8 + T cells ( n = 4 mice per group, ** P = 0.0052; data are mean ± s.e.m.; P value represents a two-sided paired Student’s t -test). c , Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of STAT1 + IBA1 + microglia in the white matter of mice treated with anti-PD-1 and CTLA-4 (ICB) and isotype control antibodies (CTR) for 6 weeks starting at the age of 18 months ( n = 3 mice per group, * P = 0.0125; data are mean ± s.e.m.; P value represents a two-sided Student’s t -test). Scale bar, 20 µm. d , Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of STAT1 + IBA1 + microglia in the white matter of 24-month-old wild-type and 24-month-old CD8 − / − mice ( n = 4 mice per group, * P = 0.0223; data are mean ± s.e.m.; P value represents a two-sided Student’s t -test).

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used: mouse anti-APC (Millipore, catalog no. OP80-100UG, 1:100), rabbit anti-B2m (abcam, catalog no. ab75853-100ul, 1:100), rabbit anti-STAT1 (Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 14994S, 1:250), rat anti-CD8 (Promega, catalog no. 100702, 1:100), rabbit anti-Iba1 (Wako, catalog no. 234 004, 1:250), goat anti-Serpina3n (Bio-Techne, catalog no. AF4709, 1:100), rat anti-C4b (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. MA1-40047,1:25), rabbit anti-Olig2 (Millipore, catalog no. AB9610, 1:250), mouse anti-Gstp (BD, catalog no. 610719, 1:250), rat anti-Mac2 (BioLegend, catalog no. 125402, 1:250), chicken anti-MBP (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. PA1-10008, 1:1,000), chicken anti-neurofilament heavy polypeptide (abcam, catalog no. ab4680, 1:400), anti-PDGF-Ralpha (R&D Systems, catalog no. 1:100), goat anti-CD69 (R&D Systems,1:100), goat anti-PD-1 (R&D Systems,1:100), rabbit anti-LAG-3 antibody (Abcam, 1:100), AF1062FM green fluorescent myelin stain (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. F34651, 1:400), anti-mouse 555 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. A-21422, 1:500), anti-mouse 647 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. A-21235, 1:500), anti-mouse 488 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. A-21202, 1:500), anti-rabbit 555 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. A-21428, 1:500), anti-rabbit 488 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. A-11008,1:500), anti-rat 555 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. A-21434, 1:5600), anti-goat 555 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. A-32116, 1:500), donkey anti-rat 488 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1:500), donkey anti-goat 555 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1:500) and donkey anti-rabbit 647 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1:500).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining

Protein levels of exosomes and RFVs of PD-1+ or PD-L1+ exosomes in plasma of patients with HNSCC. A. protein concentrations of exosomes (μg/ml plasma) are significantly elevated in patients with active disease (AD) relative to those with no evidence of disease after therapy (NED); B. RFVs for PD-L1+ exosomes is significantly higher in AD patients, patients with positive lymph nodes and patients with the high (III/IV) UICC stage tumors at diagnosis. * p< 0.05; *** p< 0.0008. C. RFVs for PD-1 exosomes in plasma are not statistically different in HNSCC patients stratified by disease activity, lymph node or UICC status. The data presented as box plots are normalized to the frequency of exosomes/1mL of patients’ plasma in this and the subsequent figures.

Journal: Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research

Article Title: Clinical significance of PD-L1 + exosomes in plasma of Head and Neck Cancer patients

doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-2664

Figure Lengend Snippet: Protein levels of exosomes and RFVs of PD-1+ or PD-L1+ exosomes in plasma of patients with HNSCC. A. protein concentrations of exosomes (μg/ml plasma) are significantly elevated in patients with active disease (AD) relative to those with no evidence of disease after therapy (NED); B. RFVs for PD-L1+ exosomes is significantly higher in AD patients, patients with positive lymph nodes and patients with the high (III/IV) UICC stage tumors at diagnosis. * p< 0.05; *** p< 0.0008. C. RFVs for PD-1 exosomes in plasma are not statistically different in HNSCC patients stratified by disease activity, lymph node or UICC status. The data presented as box plots are normalized to the frequency of exosomes/1mL of patients’ plasma in this and the subsequent figures.

Article Snippet: Next, anti-PD-1 Ab, #AF1086 lot #ICA02 (purchased from R&D Systems) was used to block effects of exosome-mediated suppression.

Techniques: Activity Assay

RFVs for PD-L1+ and PD-1+ exosomes/mL plasma and levels of sPD-L1 in plasma of HNSCC patients. A. No correlation between RFVs for PD-L1+ and PD-1+ exosomes in plasma of HNSCC patients was observed: Spearman’s correlation at p=0.7, r=0.05. B. No correlation between RFVs for PD-L1+ exosomes in patients’ plasma and soluble PD-L1; Spearman’s correlation at p=0.85, r=0.03.

Journal: Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research

Article Title: Clinical significance of PD-L1 + exosomes in plasma of Head and Neck Cancer patients

doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-2664

Figure Lengend Snippet: RFVs for PD-L1+ and PD-1+ exosomes/mL plasma and levels of sPD-L1 in plasma of HNSCC patients. A. No correlation between RFVs for PD-L1+ and PD-1+ exosomes in plasma of HNSCC patients was observed: Spearman’s correlation at p=0.7, r=0.05. B. No correlation between RFVs for PD-L1+ exosomes in patients’ plasma and soluble PD-L1; Spearman’s correlation at p=0.85, r=0.03.

Article Snippet: Next, anti-PD-1 Ab, #AF1086 lot #ICA02 (purchased from R&D Systems) was used to block effects of exosome-mediated suppression.

Techniques:

CD69 and PD-1 expression on activated CD8+ T cells and down-regulation of CD69 expression by PD-L1high but not by PD-L1low exosomes. A. Representative flow cytometry showing expression levels of CD69 or PD-1 on the surface of activated CD8+ T cells. Decreasing levels of CD8+CD69+ on the surface of T cells co-incubated with PD-L1high exosomes. B, Downregulation of CD69 expression (% and MFI) on CD8+ T-cells after co-incubation with PD-L1high exosomes. In C, blocking of exosome-mediated down-regulation of CD69 expression on CD8+ T cells by anti-PD-1 Ab. Note that inhibition mediated by PD-L1high exosomes was almost completely reversed (% and MFI) by adding the PD-1 inhibitor. * p< 0.05; ** p<0.005

Journal: Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research

Article Title: Clinical significance of PD-L1 + exosomes in plasma of Head and Neck Cancer patients

doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-2664

Figure Lengend Snippet: CD69 and PD-1 expression on activated CD8+ T cells and down-regulation of CD69 expression by PD-L1high but not by PD-L1low exosomes. A. Representative flow cytometry showing expression levels of CD69 or PD-1 on the surface of activated CD8+ T cells. Decreasing levels of CD8+CD69+ on the surface of T cells co-incubated with PD-L1high exosomes. B, Downregulation of CD69 expression (% and MFI) on CD8+ T-cells after co-incubation with PD-L1high exosomes. In C, blocking of exosome-mediated down-regulation of CD69 expression on CD8+ T cells by anti-PD-1 Ab. Note that inhibition mediated by PD-L1high exosomes was almost completely reversed (% and MFI) by adding the PD-1 inhibitor. * p< 0.05; ** p<0.005

Article Snippet: Next, anti-PD-1 Ab, #AF1086 lot #ICA02 (purchased from R&D Systems) was used to block effects of exosome-mediated suppression.

Techniques: Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Incubation, Blocking Assay, Inhibition